Leadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership - 876 Words

bstract This paper is to define the definition of leadership, and how its breakdown of various leadership styles and theories. I will also focus on more than one leadership style on what is to believe the best aligns thoughts of what leadership should mean. The leadership style is a mixed character of leadership that combines the transformational and servant leadership theories in to Healthcare. An evaluation is made of the learner’s leadership characteristics and how they would enable the learner to better serve his community of professionals. The paper will also identify and evaluated the tenets of ethical leadership as well as those of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. Select and identify one leadership theory or style that you believe best aligns with your own thoughts of what leadership means. You will use that theory or style to analyze your strengths and weaknesses. Describe the leadership characteristics you already possess. Then, describe at least two additional leadership characteristics you would like to develop. Explain how these characteristics will allow you to guide, educate, inform, and influence others to manage change in the field of health care. Explain how your personal and academic experiences will contribute to and guide your development as an effective leader. For example, how will developing academic skills such as evaluating resources and scholarly writing help to strengthen your leadership position in the field of public service?Show MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership857 Words   |  4 Pagesproject shows that leadership is defined in many ways. Characteristics of a good leader are questionable. Leadership styles and theories, such as servant leadership, collective leadership, and dictatorship vastly differ but still share similar attributes. While servant leadership and collective leadership theories similarly encompass specific attributes, the collective leadership theory still lacks vision and empowerment. Inversely, at the other extreme of leadership theories is dictatorship. UnlikeRead MoreLeadership Style And Leadership Theory807 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch conducted on traits, skills, and characters relationships to leadership and followers. The paper discusses the common themes and conclusions addressed in all studies. The articles penned with the intention of examining the impact leadership style and leadership theory in areas such as individual identity, culture, and worldview. Mahdi, Mohd, and Almsafir (2014) argue there is a significantly strong relationship between the leadership behavior and organizational commitment. Also, the paper synthesizesRead MoreLeadership Theories And Leadership Styles1512 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide examples surrounding various leadership theories and leadership styles that sustain the definition of a public leader. First, this paper will provide a definition of a public leader. Next, it determine two leadership theories and two leadership styles that support the definition of a public leader. Also, this paper will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership theories. Subsequently, it will assess the effectiveness of the two leadership styles. Further, this paper will utilize properRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesGenerally, leadership is the art or process of influencing followers and subordinates to achieve the organizational goals. It helps an individuals or a group to identify its goals and assists in achieving the stated goals. Because of importance of leadership all kinds of group action, there are considerable number of researches and theories on leadership and many kinds of leadership styles like Greatman theory, power influence, Trait approach, Behavioral, Situational or Contingency approaches;Read MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Theories993 Words   |  4 Pagesto the other two leadership styles, I scored next highest in the delegate category and the least amount in the authoritative category. In this paper I will give a comprehensive overview of leadership styles and leadership management theories and how they relate to my sty le. Lastly, I will discuss my type of work environment, and three key actions or behaviors that I must demonstrate to be a successful leader. Alignment with management and leadership theories Leadership theories include trait, attitudinalRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership1386 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership is known as the process of guiding groups, individuals and an organization in the establishment of goals as well as sustaining those goals. The concept of leadership incorporates a diversity of clarifications, leadership styles and theories. While looking at the leaders around us no matter if it’s our president or place of employment, we often find ourselves questioning exactly why these individuals shine in these positions. This essay will detail my leadership in relations of the transformationalRead MoreLeadership Theories And Leadership Style920 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership theories and Leadership Style In workplace condition, there are numerous dynamics which may affects a manager’s leadership style. The most significant features which will affect the choice of leadership styles or leadership behavior in a workplace condition need to identify. The most important factor which affects the manager’s leadership style is ‘Task’. The task is the real purpose of the team as well as the goals of the team. A manager’s upmost duty is to be certain that all team membersRead MoreLeadership Styles And Theories Of Leadership2172 Words   |  9 PagesThere are many leadership styles and theories.   Effective leaders are required to possess problem-solving skills, maintain group effectiveness, be dynamic, passionate, and be a motivational influence on others.   There are two leadership approaches that are most popular.   They are Transactional leadership and Transformational leadership.   A transactional leader is the traditional â€Å"boss† image (Yoder-Wise, 2015).   In such work environment, employees have an understanding that the superiors make allRead MoreLeadership Theories Of Leadership Styles4638 Words   |  19 PagesLeadership theories The full spectrum of leadership styles is broad. The leadership styles continuum ranges from very directive to very non-directive: Autocratic, Benevolent Autocratic, Consultative, Participative, Consensus, and Laissez-Faire (Gibson, 1995). The autocratic leader an authority who make decisions or set goals and does not feel the need to explain them. The benevolent autocratic leader also rely on authority for decision-making, but may explain the thought process behind the decisionsRead MoreThe Theory Of Leadership Styles903 Words   |  4 Pagesphenomenon of leadership is based upon directing, influencing as well as motivating individuals for the purpose of implementing plans as well as running an organization. Leadership styles vary from person to person and is dependent upon the situations that the leader might be faced with (George, Sims, P. Sims, D., 2007). Basically, the leadership styles have been categorized into six types (i.e. commanding, visionary, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching leadership styles). All these

Essay on The Labor Unions - 2676 Words

The Labor Unions nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Unions have become commonplace in the labor arena. They provide employees with a valuable tool that allows them to stand together against their employer to make sure that their rights are upheld in the workplace. This paper will focus on labor unions with regards to how they work in two very different companies, Ford Motor Company and United Airlines. Also, a brief history will be outlined as well as legislation regarding unions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many unions are at battle with their respected employers. Some of these fights are better known than other fights. United Airlines is trying to renegotiate contracts to save their company money. This has been a long battle for United,†¦show more content†¦Within one week, 125,000 railroad workers were engaged in a sympathy protest. The government swore in 3,400 deputies. President Cleveland moved in federal troops to break the strike, despite a plea by then-governor Aitgeld of Illinois that such a move was unnecessary. A sweeping federal court injunction forced an end to the sympathy strike, and many railroad workers were blacklisted. The Pullman strikers were starved into defeat (Britannica, 2002). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the time, before labor laws or standards, this strike showed the tendency of the federal government to offer moral support to the companies and use military force to break strikes. The injunction, usually issued immediately by compliant judges at the request of government officials, became a prime legal weapon against union organizers and actions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The modern model for government intervention in a strike came about in 1902. On May 12, of this year, mineworkers in northeastern Pennsylvania went on strike under the name of the United Mine Workers. More than 100,000 miners spent that summer on strike, keeping the mines closed. After mine owners refused a proposal for arbitration, President Theodore Roosevelt intervened. On October 16, 1902, Roosevelt appointed a commission of mediation and arbitration. Five days later, the miners returned to their jobs and fiveShow MoreRelatedLabor Unions And The American Labor Relations Act Of Canada Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pages Before the 1930s, labor unions had little to no voice in the contracts of industrialized companies. Labor Unions â€Å"are organizations of workers whose primary objectives are to improve the pecuniary and nonpecuniary conditions or employment among their members† (Ehrenberg Smith, pg. 451). The Christian Labour Association of Canada (CLAC) and the United Automobiles Workers (UAW) are different unions in Canada and the Unites States. Even though they have some similarities, the two groups have manyRead MoreThe History and Formation of Labor Unions in the Unites States of America2389 Words   |  10 Pagesworst time during American labor history, the Industrial Revolution. During the Industrial Revolution, large numbers of people in the United States flocked to work in factories where they faced long hours, unsanitary and unsafe conditions and poor wages. Labor unions, or groups of organized workers, formed in the United States to ensure workers the right to a safe workplac e and a fair wage in the face of capitalistic factory owners seeking wealth. In exchange, union members owe the responsibilityRead MoreLabor Unions And Labor Union1677 Words   |  7 Pages Labor Union A labor union is as defined in the dictionary, an organization of wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members interests with respect to wages and working condition. There are people favor unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s formation and people against the formation of labor unions. Even though there are many difficulties in organizing labor union, the union was successful in late 1800s. Today there are about 16 million workers in the U.S. that belong to a labor union. The purpose of the unionRead MoreLabor Unions And The Labor Union2368 Words   |  10 PagesEvery year in this country, there are major labor disputes that result in strikes or work stoppages. In each case, the organization, the labor union, and the public are negatively affected. Why can t there be a better way of resolving disputes between the management and labor unions to avert unnecessary strikes? Why does the relationship between the labor unions and management have to be adversarial in nature? Does any body benefit from strikes and work stoppages? These are some of the questionsRead MoreLabor Union And Labor Unions Essay2457 Words   |  10 PagesLabor union history began when the National Labor Union (NLU) was founded in 1866. After the creation of this union, several followed after. Many riots occurred during this time, the Haymarket Riot was one of the main reasons that the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was created. The AFL will be a major part in the labor movement in the future. Labor unions began due to the need to protect the workers. These labor unions formed to fight for reasonable hours, better pay, and safer working conditionsRead MoreLabor Unions615 Words   |  3 PagesLabor Unions University of Phoenix MGT434: Employment Law Scott Dunlap February 7, 2008 Labor organizations or unions are formed by employees who want better wages, benefits, and healthy working conditions. Over the years, participation in unions has declined regardless of the benefits it offers. There are less strikes and better wages in the United States which in turn does not warrant the high need for these types of organizations in the work place. Labor unions today compared to in theRead MoreLabor Unions3099 Words   |  13 PagesLabor Unions and the Dynamics of Race in Unions Labor unions have been in America for a very long time. There are many unions in a myriad of different fields. Labor unions were and are used to allow for equal treatment of workers. Employers always want to maximize their profits and they try to give the least to get the most in return. For reasons such as this is why unions were formed. Generally a union boss is appointed or hired to protect the rights and privileges of the employeesRead MoreThe Importance Of Labor And Labor Unions1125 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Labor and Labor unions 1800-1900) Prior to the American Civil War in 1861 much of American workforce was completed by slaves brought from Africa. Slave labor was used mostly in southern agriculture. Working conditions for slaves were dismal at best with inadequate housing, lack of food, resources and broken families. The quality of life for slaves was seldom taken into account by slave owners as slaves were seen as property rather than people or employees. After the Unions victory howeverRead MoreUnions Labor Unions And The Future Of The Union5772 Words   |  24 PagesTitle: Unions have played a significant role in workforce history, have they outlived their purpose. Abstract: Labor unions are lawfully recognized as envoys of employees in many companies in the United States. Activities of labor unions are centered on collective bargaining over workers’ benefits, working conditions, and salaries. They also stand in for their members in disagreements with management over the contract provisions violation. There are also larger unions thatRead MoreThe Union Unions : The Future Of Labor Unions Essay2786 Words   |  12 PagesOF LABOR UNIONS 2 12 Running Head: Future of Labor Unions 1 Research: The Future of Labor Unions Kedra Archie Keller Graduate School of Management HRM- 586 Labor Relations Professor: Danielle Camacho December 4, 2016 Abstract The history of unions in the

Research on Opera house of Sydney-Free-Samples-Myassignmentshelp

Question: Choose one tourist Destination you need to conduct the research on that Destination. Answer: Background The Sydney Opera House is the theatre art centre in Sydney, Australia. The building is one of the 20th Centurys most prominent as well as distinguished constructions. It was designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon and inaugurated formally on 20 October 1973 (Sydney opera House, 2017). Since its completion in 1973 the building has been attracting people across the globe due to its eminent design and structure. Sydney Opera House has an enhanced location on Bennelong Point surrounded by superb harbour surroundings. SWOT Analysis Strength It is a single building comprising of multiple performance venue. It is one of the busiest performing arts centres hosting over 1500 concerts annually; attended by 1.2 million people. 8 million people visit the place annually and approximately 3, 50,000 visitors taking guided tours (Shofner, 2007). Sydney Opera House is known as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The building has a recording studio, cafe, restaurant, bars and retail outlets An iconic image of both Sydney and Australia. The building has a design of a modern expressionist (Sydney opera House, 2017). Sydney Opera House was mostly paid for State Lottery. The largest venue has 2,679 seats. Many of the worlds renowned companies were involved in construction of the Opera House. Sydney Opera house is opened 363 days in a year for public. The building is well preserved and protected by the government authority. The building has a well-developed and unique infrastructure and appeal to a wider section of people coming from abroad. Surrounded by exquisite hotels and restaurant(Colbert, 2003). The glass used in the Sydney Opera House was made on order from France. The first person to perform at the house was Sergei Prokofiev. Since its opening, The British Queen has visited the place for four times(O'Halloran,2004). Weakness Most of the premium singers are based in Europe and occupied often by top companies out of the country; in such a situation the accessibility of Australian and New Zealand singers is sporadically limited. The offstage facilities are prominently insufficient and the orchestra place is restricted, enclosed and unable of creating an eminent orchestral sound. Australia require quality training services for young singers There is a lack of funds for growth of innovative works and art shape. There is a need for development to avoid the unrealistic risks Commercial broadcasters are no longer interested in broadcasting at all. There is lack of funds for the development of the Opera House. Opportunities There are opportunities to merge opera companies and the other subsidised performing art companies. Further collaboration with the major performing venue will help in sharing the risk and venue cost. There are exciting opportunities for more audacious and ground-breaking programs by collaborating with the international performers. Opportunities to develop Cultural Tourism Threats Reduction in the new generation performer is cause for the development of the place. Lack of music education in the Australian schools Difficulty in managing a sustainable balance between the audiences due to wide generation gap. Lack of funds available for carrying out the performances Lack of knowledge with innovative creative directors and designers to work in opera (SWOT Analysis of Opera, 2008). Target Customer Profile The Sydney Opera House attracts everyone which includes both domestic and international tourist. A majority of section visiting Sydney Opera house include people coming from abroad. Local population includes the Baby boomers and Millennials. But it is generally targeting the international population. Sydney opera house is a face of Australian Tourism Industry. The place is visited mostly by people to get a look of the heritage. Conclusion To conclude, the report includes the SWOT analysis of World heritage site- Sydney Opera House. The Sydney Opera House is known across the e world as one of the commended representative constructions in the world. The building is recognized as a symbol for the entire country. The Pritzker Price formally recognises Sydney Opera House as one of the great iconic buildings of the twentieth century". References Colbert, F. (2003). Company profile: the Sydney opera house: an Australian icon.International journal of arts management, 69-77. O'Halloran, K. ed., (2004).Multimodal discourse analysis: Systemic functional perspectives. AC Black. Shofner, S. (2007).Sydney Opera House. The Creative Company. SWOT Analysis of Opera, (2008). (Online). Retrieved from: https://musicinaustralia.org.au/index.php?title=SWOT_Analysis_of_Opera_-_2008 (Accessed on: 17 August 2017) Sydney Opera House, (2017). (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/sydney-opera-house (Accessed on: 17 August 2017) Sydney opera House, (2017). (Online). Retrieved from: https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/ (Accessed on: 17 August 2017)

Research Paper on Apostle Paul Essay Example

Research Paper on Apostle Paul Essay Paul born about 3-4 in Tarsus, died about 64-65 when he was executed by the sword in Rome, was an apostle, missionary, theologian and one of the New Testament writers considered to have played a very large role in the preparation and dissemination of early Christianity. The major sources of Paul’s beliefs and lifestyles are the letters in the New Testament attributed to him and Acts of the Apostles. Paul was a Jew and descended, as well as Israel’s first king, from the patriarch Jacob’s youngest son Benjamin. Paul’s influence on Christian thinking has been argued to be more significant than any other writer of the New Testament. Christianity is considered by many to be dependent on Paul as much as on Jesus. According to the Christians, Paul taught that faith in Christ made the Torah (Law) became unnecessary to reach salvation. Paul’s feast day is celebrated on June 29, which should have been his death. It was common to Jewish parents in the Diaspora gave their children both Hebrew and Greek names. His Hebrew name was Saul (Saul in the 1917 Bible translation). Sometime after his conversion to Christianity at the time of his trip to Cyprus, he chooses instead to use the Greek name Paul (actually Paulos). The name Saul and the Greek name Paul used both in the New Testament. The name Paul used more frequently when the New Testament because language is Greek. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Apostle Paul specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main sources of knowledge about Paul’s life and ministry is partly his own letters and the book of Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament. According to Acts of the Apostles, Paul was born in Tarsus in Cilicia. He held Roman citizenship, was jew by birth and belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. He was a Pharisee and educated in Jewish law, according to the Acts of the Jewish teacher Gamaliel in Jerusalem. As a Pharisee, Paul was very zealous and pursued eagerly the early Christian church. He attended as a spectator when Stephen was stoned and Paul himself acquired a license to go to Damascus to monitor the Christians there. On the way there, he met, according to the book of Acts of the Apostles, Jesus in a vision and converted to Christianity. In his letters, Paul provided only sparse information about this. From Year 45, Paul undertook three great missionary journeys around the Mediterranean and it was during this period when the letters were written. In each city, he preached first in the synagogue, and then he turned to the Gentiles, the non-Jewish. After twelve years, Paul traveled back to Jerusalem, where he was imprisoned by the Roman commandant. As a Roman citizen, he could appeal and after two years, he was sent to Rome. On the way to Rome, he suffered shipwreck in Malta, according to tradition, on the Maltese island of Saint Paul’s Islet. In Malta, he was bitten by a poisonous snake without damage and he is the patron saint of ormbitna. To get more information on the topic, use free sample research paper on Apostle Paul. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Apostle Paul topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking and Be Self-Confident

Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking and Be Self-Confident Easy Ways To Finally Overcome Your Fear Of Public Speaking According to the recent researches, the biggest fear among people is public speaking. Not spiders, not height, even not death, but public speaking is considered to be the thing that people are scared the most. Among the reasons, you may hear the weirdest arguments. Here are the most common causes of peoples biggest fear and possible solutions to deal with it. Dealing with Fear of Public Speaking You sound boring You will never make people bored in the hall if you do not make them bored during your everyday life. However, the more nervous you are, the less confident you will sound during your presentation. Do not be nervous and your real inner character will show itself on the stage. You will belaughted at The most important thing to remember while speaking in public people do not laugh at you, they only laugh with you. Thus, there is no need to feel nervous or ashamed just continue your presentation and laugh with them even if you did not plan to. Humor will cheer you up and give you necessary confidence. You will let audience see your nervousness There is nothing bad in being slightly nervous. People expect you to feel like this, so no one will accuse you of anything. Just not let your nervous feeling grow into public speaking anxiety this is what you are required to do. You will forget everything Even though it is a common problem, there are plenty of ways out of this situation: Make sure your speech is coherent and logic structure all the points, so that it is easy to move from one to another. If you think you are going to forget something, just take a deep breath, think for a second and the lost thought will come to your mind straightaway. Repeat the thought that you have just mentioned. It will push you to the next point of your presentation. Always keep your notes close in case nothing previous helps. However, refer to them at last moment. Just tell the public you forgot everything. Surely as a joke. This will give you a small break and let you remember the lost point. You will fail to answer the questions Firstly remember, you are not supposed to answer all the questions. If somebody is intentionally trying to load you with unanswerable questions, try to turn it into a joke. If it does not help, simply ask that person to wait and give you the business card to be able to answer the question later. You will freeze Here is it, the biggest fear among all the fears. It is situation when you unexpectedly forget everything not being able to say a word. The solution to this is as simple as that just talk. You will never freeze if your mouth does not stop speaking. On the contrary, the longer you stay silent, the more nervous you as well as the audience become.

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese There are many terms for aunt in Chinese depending on whether the aunt is on the mothers side, fathers side, the eldest aunt, or the youngest aunt. Also, each region in China has its own way of saying aunt. Across the board, the most common term for aunt in Chinese is  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­). Pronunciation   The Chinese term for aunt or auntie is composed of two characters: é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨. The pinyin for the first character é˜ ¿ is Ä . Thus, é˜ ¿ is pronounced in the 1st tone. The pinyin for the second character Ã¥ § ¨ is yà ­. That means Ã¥ § ¨ is pronounced in the 2nd tone. In terms of  tones,  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ can also be referred to as a1 yi2. Term Use é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­) is a general term that can be used to refer to  a family member, but it can also refer to people outside of the family. While it is considered polite to formally address female acquaintances as Miss or Mrs. in America, Chinese culture errs on the more familiar side. When addressing friends of parents, parents of friends, or elder females acquaintances in general, it is common to call them é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­).  In that way, this term is akin in auntie in English. Different Family Members As mentioned earlier, there are many ways to say aunt in Chinese depending on many factors. Here is a short breakdown of different terms for aunt in Mandarin Chinese. Ã¥ §â€˜Ã¥ §â€˜ (gÃ… «gu):  fathers sisterÃ¥ © ¶Ã¥ © ¶ (shÄ›nshen):  fathers brothers wifeÃ¥ § ¨Ã¥ ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (yà ­mÄ ):  mothers sister舅å ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¨Ë†â€¦Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (jià ¹mÄ ):  mothers brothers wife Sentence Examples Using  Ã„€yà ­ Ä€yà ­ li le!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (traditional Chinese)é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¦  ¥Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (simplified Chinese)Auntie is here! TÄ  shà ¬ bà ¹shà ¬ nÇ  de Ä yà ­?Ã¥ ¥ ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨(both traditional and simplified Chinese)Is she your aunt? Ä€yà ­ hÇŽo!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½! (both traditional and simplified Chinese)Hi, Auntie!

Eyewitness Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Eyewitness Evidence - Essay Example Regardless of age, gender and stature, eyewitnesses vary in many ways toward their susceptibility, their impressions and more. Determining the optimal procedure requires the framework many police procedures rely on. M. L. Eisen writes in Memory and Suggestibility in the Forensic Interview that, "No matter what the scope or complexity of an event, however, the description of a memory for it can be usefully separated into encoding of the event (its original perception and acquisition), its retention over time is due to some change in the nervous system that can be called memory storage, and its later retrieval in response to some query." (Eisen, M.L.; p 4) To this effect, there is a reason the use of restatement of events and redirecting toward a certain moment within the events eye witnesses had experienced will effectively either confirm the events or question the recollections of the witness. This assists investigators, prosecutors and more in assessing validity of eye witness accounts. Eisen continues in his work describing that encouraging witnesses to discuss events prior to the crime or incident in question would also provide insight. "It might seem odd to consider factors that operate pri or to the occurrence of an event as affecting its later retention, but in fact such prior factors can be critical. Even if several people experience "the same" event, they will interpret it differently depending on their prior experiences." (Eisen, M.L.; p 4) This also expands the validity of the recounting of the event in question and can, in fact, assist investigators, prosecutors and the court system in determination as to whether validity and reliability would exist in the recounting. This can be seen in both children and adults depending upon the framework of the cognitive interview and subsequently in court testimony. Gronlund compares how sequential and simultaneous lineups differ from each other in Sequential Lineup Advantage: Contributions of Distinctiveness and Recollection. Gronlund states that according to Wells and colleagues simultaneous lineups would encourage relative decision strategies whereas sequential lineups encourage absolute decision strategies. "Gronlund considered two problems with the relative judgment data. First it was possible that the two shortest heights and two tallest heights in the lineups were not distinguishable to an encoding confusion." (Gronlund, S.D.; p 23-37) Gronlund's argument that recollection requires more mental resources than familiarity does, yet in his view, sequential lineups, however, are less resource demanding. This would allow more recollection capacity for the eye witness. Amina Memon and various authors have taken on the task of understanding many components of eye witness testimony including emotion, age of the witness, facial recognition, and post-identification feedback on confidence and memory judgments. The focus is on both children and adults, including seniors and the differentiations between them. In one abstract of Affecting Memories: Emotional Arousal and Eyewitness Testimony with Lynn Hulse and Kevin Allan, "one theory suggests that emotional arousal impairs memory, another suggests that it enhances